Effects of Active Flux Usage on Austenitic Stainless Steel Alloys
A-TIG, A-PAW, mechanical properties, austenitic stainless steels.
This study aims to analyze and compare the effects of active flux application in TIG (A-TIG) and plasma (A-PAW) welding processes, both applied to austenitic stainless steels, with a focus on improving weld penetration and the mechanical properties of the joint. Based on a review of previous studies and the experimental evaluation of the A-PAW process using SiO₂-based flux on AISI 316L steel plates (4 mm), it was observed that both processes with added flux promote arc constriction, resulting in narrower weld beads with greater penetration. In the case of A-PAW, the depth-to-width ratio increased by approximately 13%, the hardness of the fusion zone rose by 5.6%, and no significant changes were observed in tensile strength or toughness. In the A-TIG process, studies also indicate improvements in mechanical properties, attributed to the physicochemical effects of active fluxes—such as SiO₂ and TiO₂—on the arc and the weld pool. Microstructural analyses demonstrate stability in chemical composition and the absence of brittle phases in both processes. It is concluded that the use of active flux is an effective strategy to expand the applicability of stainless steel welding, especially for thicker materials, highlighting the importance of continued research aimed at optimizing flux compositions and expanding the industrial use of A-TIG and A-PAW techniques.